Which of the following is a potential barrier to effective urban air pollution management?

The correct choice highlights the importance of infrastructure in managing urban air pollution effectively. Insufficient infrastructure for clean practices can severely hinder efforts to reduce pollution levels. Proper infrastructure includes facilities and systems for sustainable transportation, efficient energy use, waste management, and the implementation of clean air technologies. When an urban area lacks this necessary infrastructure, initiatives to improve air quality may be ineffective or impossible to implement.

This can lead to increased emissions from vehicles and industries, as there might not be adequate systems in place to support cleaner alternatives or manage pollutants effectively. Without the right infrastructure, even well-intended regulations and policies may fall short in achieving their goals, making it a significant barrier to effective air pollution management.

In contrast, options related to over-regulation or excess funding may complicate air traffic or indirectly influence air quality but do not directly address the effectiveness of clean practices. Availability of alternative fuel sources is generally seen as a positive factor in pollution management, rather than a barrier. Thus, understanding the role of infrastructure is crucial for urban air quality initiatives.