In dodgeball, which of the following actions are prohibited?

In dodgeball, certain actions are prohibited to maintain fair play and ensure player safety. Among these actions, head shots are considered particularly dangerous, as they can lead to injuries. The rule against head shots means that players cannot intentionally throw the ball at an opponent's head, as this can cause harm. Additionally, kicking the ball is typically not allowed, as it does not align with the standard play of dodgeball, which primarily involves throwing a ball with the hand.

This prohibition helps create a safer playing environment and emphasizes skillful throwing and dodging rather than potentially harmful or less controlled actions such as kicking. Therefore, the correct choice highlights actions that are specifically aimed at protecting players and maintaining the game's intended flow and objective.