Describe the function of a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen).

A NOTAM, or Notice to Airmen, serves a critical function in aviation safety by providing essential information regarding temporary changes in conditions that could affect flight operations. This includes updates on runway closures, hazards on or near runways, information on navigation aid outages, and other important changes that pilots and air traffic controllers need to be aware of to ensure safe flight operations. The timely dissemination of this information is vital for maintaining the safety and efficiency of air travel.

Other options do not capture the primary purpose of a NOTAM. While weather forecasts and flight planning are important aspects of aviation, they are typically addressed through different communications and not specifically through NOTAMs. Additionally, rules for aircraft maintenance are governed by regulatory frameworks rather than being communicated via NOTAM. Thus, C accurately reflects the primary role of NOTAMs in alerting aviation personnel to critical, transient safety information.